Protecting Your Pets from Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

By Seth Snow, DVM

With the prevalence of avian influenza (H5N1) in the news, TVETS wants to provide you with essential information to help protect both you and your pets. While not a new disease, the current strain of avian influenza has spread to several other species, including humans, and is widespread across the U.S. The map below shows counties across the U.S. that have reported positive cases—including several in Massachusetts.

What is Avian Influenza?

Avian influenza (H5N1) is a naturally occurring virus primarily found in waterfowl species, such as geese and ducks. It has been circulating since 2022. Waterfowl act as natural reservoirs for the virus and can be asymptomatic carriers, spreading the disease during their annual migrations. The virus can also infect domestic poultry, such as chickens and turkeys, as well as other bird species.

What Species Are at Risk?

While H5N1 primarily affects birds, it can also infect mammals, including humans in rare cases. Currently, a multistate outbreak of avian influenza has been detected in U.S. dairy herds, which is a new development for the virus. In domestic pets, rare infections have been observed in cats and dogs, with cat infections being more common. Cats seem to be more susceptible to avian influenza, resulting in severe disease in certain cases. Although the overall risk to cats and dogs is low, consuming raw meat or unpasteurized milk increases the likelihood of infection.

What Are the Clinical Signs of Avian Influenza?

Symptoms can vary depending on the species:

Birds

Symptoms range from being asymptomatic to sudden death. Common signs include:

• Lethargy
• Respiratory issues (nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing)
• Neurological symptoms (ataxia, tremors, seizures)

Mammals

Symptoms vary widely and may include:

• Mild signs such as fever, lethargy, and decreased appetite
• Severe respiratory and neurological symptoms

Are Humans at Risk from Avian Influenza?

Human cases of H5N1 remain rare, but infections can range from mild illness to more serious complications. Transmission typically occurs through direct contact with infected birds or cattle herds. If you believe you have been exposed to avian influenza, contact your doctor for guidance.

Prevention and Safety

To help prevent the spread of avian influenza and keep your pets safe, follow these precautions:

For Pet Owners:

• Avoid feeding raw diets to cats and dogs—this includes raw meat and unpasteurized milk, as these can transmit avian influenza.
• Do not allow your pets to approach or interact with wildlife. Consider keeping outdoor cats indoors to prevent hunting of birds.
• If you encounter sick or dead wildlife, do not approach them. Instead, contact your local Animal Control Officer (ACO) or a licensed wildlife rehabilitator.

For Backyard Poultry Owners:

• Keep backyard flocks securely enclosed or indoors; do not allow birds to roam freely or come into contact with wildlife.
• Routinely clean all equipment, feeding/watering stations, and enclosures.
• Secure all supplies and equipment from wild rodents and birds.
• Be vigilant for any signs of influenza and consult an avian veterinarian if concerns arise.

While the current risk to humans and pets remains low, taking these preventive measures can help reduce the spread of avian influenza and keep you and your animals safe. Stay informed, stay vigilant, and protect your pets!

We recommend the following sources for more information:

• Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Association
• Bird Flu | CDC
• Avian Influenza - WOAH - World Organisation for Animal Health

<< Return to Blog Listing